Bioethics and The Law: Balancing Moral Values with Legal Principles

Abstract

Bioethics explores the dynamic interplay between bioethics and law in light of significant scientific progress in fields such as reproduction, organ transplantation, and end-of-life choices. These innovations have transformed biological realities into ethical and legal decisions, challenging conventional legal frameworks and changing the fundamentals of personhood, parenting, and human autonomy. The article examines the erosion of the "biological paradigm," which was formerly fundamental to the consistency of law, due to the pressures of technological advancement and ethical plurality. It outlines how courts and legislators in France and Italy have attempted to harmonise individual liberties with societal moral standards by developing progressive frameworks of “bio law.” In this study the researcher explains three regulatory models such as private autonomy, rigid proscription, and liberal pluralism to elucidate the contradictions between ethical variety and legal certainty. This research also posits that contemporary law must reconcile universal principles with moral plurality by fostering conversation among "moral strangers." Ultimately, it calls for a sophisticated, human-centric legal framework that can include many ethical perspectives without undermining legal coherence, presenting a picture of law as both guardian of rights and a mediato.